Review Article
Hybrid Coffee (Coffea arabica L) Plantlet Production via Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis in Ethiopia: Current Statue and Future Direction
Elyas Gebremariam*
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
87-94
Received:
13 August 2024
Accepted:
9 September 2024
Published:
18 October 2024
Abstract: Traditional hybrid coffee propagation methods using seed or vegetative cuttings has tremendous limitations. Seed propagation is associated with hand pollination which is time consuming and need large number of skilled labor. On the other hand, vegetative cuttings ensure uniformity, but; cuttings generate relatively low multiplication rates as they can only be obtained from orthotropic branches. Multiplication by tissue culture techniques could provide a best alternative to these traditional methods of coffee propagation as it allowed the production of relatively uniform plantlets on a large scale in a shorter period in any climatic condition. Among tissue culture techniques, indirect somatic embryogenesis of hybrid coffee plays substantial role in rapid industrial scale multiplication of high valued varities. Research on somatic embryogenesis of C. arabica hybrid has been conducted since the late 70s with the objectives to substitute the conventional vegetative propagation of selected varieties. In Ethiopia, in vitro propagation of hybrid coffee is recent phenomenon and research on indirect somatic embryogenesis is already well underway by different research groups. Here, we discussed the current status of coffee research on somatic embryogenesis in general and specifically, we provide recommendations for future research for the establishment of mass propagation protocol for F1 hybrids varities in Ethiopia that utilized wild endogenous lines.
Abstract: Traditional hybrid coffee propagation methods using seed or vegetative cuttings has tremendous limitations. Seed propagation is associated with hand pollination which is time consuming and need large number of skilled labor. On the other hand, vegetative cuttings ensure uniformity, but; cuttings generate relatively low multiplication rates as they ...
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Research Article
Analysis of Factors Affecting Participation of Smallholder Farmers in Wheat Cluster Farming: The Case of Gasera District, Bale Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Obsitu Sultan*
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
88-103
Received:
5 September 2024
Accepted:
27 September 2024
Published:
18 October 2024
Abstract: Agriculture is the main means of livelihood in Africa. Wheat is one of the globally produced and marketed cereal crops which cover 15% of the total sowing areas of cereal crops in the world. This study focused on the analysis of factors affecting smallholder farmer’s participation in wheat cluster farming in Gasera District of Bale zone. A multi-stage sampling method was employed for this study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 259 sample respondents in three selected Kebeles out of 24 total kebeles in the woreda. Primary data sources were generated using an interview schedule, five Focus Group Discussions, and eight key informant interviews. Besides, secondary data were obtained from literature and the Woreda Agricultural Office. Both descriptive statistics and econometric models were employed to analyze the collected data. The descriptive statistics results showed that from the total sampled households, 169 (65.3%) were participant and, 90 (34.7%) were non-participant smallholder farmers of wheat cluster farming technology. According to the probit regression model, education status, wheat land, livestock size, frequency of extension contact, credit access, availability of fair price, market information, agricultural input access, training access and membership in a cooperative had a positive influence on farmers’ decisions to participate in wheat cluster farming. Therefore, the local community, Woreda Agriculture Office and research institutes need to expand cluster farming technology to increase wheat production and policies aiming at increasing farmers’ awareness of producing wheat in cluster to increase yield of farmers.
Abstract: Agriculture is the main means of livelihood in Africa. Wheat is one of the globally produced and marketed cereal crops which cover 15% of the total sowing areas of cereal crops in the world. This study focused on the analysis of factors affecting smallholder farmer’s participation in wheat cluster farming in Gasera District of Bale zone. A multi-st...
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Research Article
Estimation of Yield Loss Due to Potato Late Blight in Lukanga Village of Lubero Territory/Democratic Republic of the Congo
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 4, December 2024
Pages:
104-112
Received:
8 July 2024
Accepted:
20 August 2024
Published:
31 October 2024
Abstract: Late Blight is one of important diseases of potato. This disease is present in the agro-ecological environment of Lubero. As a matter of concern, this study aims at assessing the level of tolerance of three potato varieties to this disease and estimating the loss in yield. For this reason, an experiment was carried out in the experimental field of the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences of the Adventist University of Lukanga in the main season of 2023, with an experimental device with complete random blocks. Three potato varieties (Carolus, Kinigi and Sarpo mira) were used with fungicide treatment and non-treatment to estimate the yield loss due to Late Blight. The data concerned the rate of attack of foliar Late Blight and the parameters of potato yield under natural infection. The results showed that tolerance varies from a variety to another, considering the three varieties and is very significant (p<0.001). The Carolus variety was more susceptible with a value of the area under the disease progression curve (AUDPC = 1030) and the Sarpo mira variety the most resistant (AUDPC = 0.000). For the loss of yield, it also varies depending on varieties and is proportional to the susceptibility to foliar Late Blight. It was between 2 and 70% respectively for Sarpo mira and Carolus. Sarpo mira variety, being the most resistant, must both be used for sustainable agriculture that respects the environment and taken in potato breeding program.
Abstract: Late Blight is one of important diseases of potato. This disease is present in the agro-ecological environment of Lubero. As a matter of concern, this study aims at assessing the level of tolerance of three potato varieties to this disease and estimating the loss in yield. For this reason, an experiment was carried out in the experimental field of ...
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