Identification of Candidate Genes and Proteins Related to the Production of ROS in Korla Pear Fruit
Aisajan Mamat,
Kuerban Tusong,
Juan Xu,
Jixun Wang
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
1-9
Received:
22 December 2020
Accepted:
12 January 2021
Published:
18 January 2021
Abstract: Korla fragrant pear (P. sinkiangensis Yü) is a landrace selected from a hybrid pear species of Xinjiang Autonomous Region in China. However, recently the formation of rough skin fruits is one of the main factors reducing fruit quality. In this study, parallel analyses of transcriptomic and proteomic data of Korla pear fruits from the three developmental stages (20, 50 and 80 days after flowering, DAF) were carried out by using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and tandem mass tags technology (TMT), to identify differential genes and proteins that may regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation during stone cell differentiation period. In total, 42893 transcripts and 7904 proteins were acquired. Among them, 74 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 40 correlated proteins were identified as ROS related genes and proteins, including 15 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs). These include genes and proteins related to the ROS production in the apoplast (24 DEGs and seven DAPs), mitochondria (23 DEGs and two DAPs), peroxisome (10 DEGs and four DAPs), and during fatty acid degradation (15 DEGs and two DAPs), respectively. All of DEGs and DAPs that related to apoplastic ROS production and some of DEGs and DAPs that related to ROS production in peroxisome and fatty acid metabolism pathways were abundantly expressed during the critical period of stone cell differentiation (20 DAF). To sum up, apoplast might be the main source of ROS production that participate in the process of stone cell differentiation in pear fruits. In addition, peroxisome and fatty acid metabolism pathways also produce certain amount of ROS during this process.
Abstract: Korla fragrant pear (P. sinkiangensis Yü) is a landrace selected from a hybrid pear species of Xinjiang Autonomous Region in China. However, recently the formation of rough skin fruits is one of the main factors reducing fruit quality. In this study, parallel analyses of transcriptomic and proteomic data of Korla pear fruits from the three developm...
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Incidence of Maize Ear Rot and Stem Borer Participatory Rural Appraisal Efficacy Relationship by Farmers in Western Kenya
Fredrick Wotia,
Elizabeth Omukunda
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
10-15
Received:
30 December 2020
Accepted:
9 January 2021
Published:
22 January 2021
Abstract: Maize has become Africa’s second most important food crop after cassava. Maize is Kenya’s staple food and is grown by about 90% of rural households. Among the pests and disease, stem borers are considered to be the most serious insect pests and ear rot the most important disease. A participatory rural appraisal (PRA) was carried out in Malakisi and Sirisia Divisions of Bungoma County, Western Kenya (N00°68.824 - N00°78.641 and E34°38.076 -E34°55.604). The PRA involved focused group discussions and 100 questionnaires were used in each Division to gather information from maize farmers. The focused groups consisted of the males and females who had engaged in maize production for at least 5 years. The two Divisions were perceived to have different levels of ear rot causing fungi because of different agro-ecological zones. This determined the farmers’ knowledge on the relationship between maize ear rot and stem borer damage, yield losses and farmer’s livelihoods. Farmers put 54% of their farms under maize production with mean yields of 9.8bags/acre and 10.9bags/acre for Malakisi and Sirisia Divisions respectively. Most farmers planted maize early 78% and 83% for Malakisi and Sirisia. The use of certified seeds especially hybrids was high in both Divisions with Malakisi 74% while Sirisia had 84%. Only 63% and 66% of the population for Malakisi and Sirisia respectively were food secure. The yields per unit area is far less than the potential due low levels of inorganic fertilizer use and unexploited organic manure utilization. But the government intervention/subsidy through National accelerated agricultural input and access programme (NAAIAP) programme in both Divisions realized significant increase in the yields of 20-30 bags /acre). All farmers affirmed knowing both maize stem borers and ear rot. The occurrence of stem borers was 16% in long rain season while 84% in short rains season. There were No stem borer tolerant varieties with farmers, local stockists and traders. Farmers in Malakisi 46% and Sirisia 37% recognized the relationship as a pathway between stem borer damage and ear rot incidence. Some farmers and traders admix their maize grains with Malakisi 25% and Sirisia 13%. Rotten ears are used as livestock, poultry feeds, local brews and human food during hunger months. Coupled with the high number of traditional stores which are grass thatched and dilapidated, this predisposes the populace to mycotoxins associated with ear rot posing a health risk.
Abstract: Maize has become Africa’s second most important food crop after cassava. Maize is Kenya’s staple food and is grown by about 90% of rural households. Among the pests and disease, stem borers are considered to be the most serious insect pests and ear rot the most important disease. A participatory rural appraisal (PRA) was carried out in Malakisi and...
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Evaluation on Genetic Relationships Among China’s Endemic Curcuma Herbs by SRAP Markers
Jiabin Deng,
Heng Liang,
Lili Zhang,
Wei Zhang,
Guilin Zhang,
Xuqiang Luo,
Ruiwu Yang,
Khawaja Shafique Ahmad
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
16-21
Received:
8 March 2021
Accepted:
22 March 2021
Published:
30 March 2021
Abstract: Curcuma is historically problematic to identify and clear their relationships for cultivar and variety appearance commonly in China. Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) marker was used to detect genetic relationships among 10 China’s endemic Curcuma herbs including three Chinese rarely species firstly (C. amarissima, C. flaviflora and C. yunnanensis). The 2-35 polymorphic bands were amplified by each pair of primers, and a total of 1084 polymorphism bands with an average of 11.78 bands were produced by 93 out of 100 pair of primers within 29 accessions. The data were used to construct a dendrogram by means of COMPLETE in NTSYS–pc2.1. The results shown that the genetic distance coefficient varied from 0.12 to 0.53, Curcuma were divided into three groups, the placement of three rarely species were firstly achieved, and partial species might be muti-origin within Chinese Curcuma.
Abstract: Curcuma is historically problematic to identify and clear their relationships for cultivar and variety appearance commonly in China. Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) marker was used to detect genetic relationships among 10 China’s endemic Curcuma herbs including three Chinese rarely species firstly (C. amarissima, C. flaviflora and C....
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