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Phytoremediation: Synergistic Effect of Thalia geniculata and Crassipes Eichhornia (Water Hyacinth) During Domestic Wastewater Treatment
Franck Yovo,
Biaou Dimon,
Fidèle Suanon,
Coffi Azandegbe Eni,
Ignace Chabi Agani,
Valentin Wotto
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2017
Pages:
1-8
Received:
17 October 2016
Accepted:
26 October 2016
Published:
15 November 2016
Abstract: The treatment of wastewater and removal of pollutants before discharge into natural water reserves, remain a major concern of the 21th century. Many of treatment techniques based on phytoremediation present limits regarding the treatment efficiency. In order to improve the efficiency of nutrients abatement in gray water, the synergy between Thalia geniculata and Crassipes Eichhornia (water hyacinth) was studied. Three treatments: Thalia geniculata (TG), water hyacinth (JE) and the combination of the two [Thalia geniculata and water hyacinth, (TJ)] in three different basins have been setup for the treatment of domestic wastewater. The water physicochemical parameters and nutrients concentrations were determined during the treatment process. After twelve days of treatment, results revealed a remarkable reduction of pollutants (NO3-, NTK and PO43-) in the basins TG and JE, with removal efficiencies of (68.62%, 55.71%, 23.55%) and (53.98%; 39.52%; 89.27%), respectively. As for the treatment combining the two species (TJ), the yield of pollutants abatement was 97.75% for NO3-, 82.83% for NTK and 24.84% for PO43-. An excellent treatment performance of the basin TJ was noticed regarding nitrogen removal against phosphate (PO43-) which was poorly removed. Accordingly, the results indicated an interesting synergistic effect between TG and JE; with the dominance of the TG tendency to remove nutrient (NO3-) from wastewater. The observed synergistic effect of Thalia geniculata and water hyacinth could be effective and promising for the sequestration of nitrogen in domestic wastewater within a couple of days. However, further studies are still needed to better understand the mechanism governing the removal of nitrogen to the detriment of phosphate when combining the two species.
Abstract: The treatment of wastewater and removal of pollutants before discharge into natural water reserves, remain a major concern of the 21th century. Many of treatment techniques based on phytoremediation present limits regarding the treatment efficiency. In order to improve the efficiency of nutrients abatement in gray water, the synergy between Thalia ...
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Anatomical Characteristics of Stem and Leaf in Euphorbia hirta L.
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2017
Pages:
9-12
Received:
6 September 2016
Accepted:
21 September 2016
Published:
23 November 2016
Abstract: The stem and leaf anatomical studies of Euphorbia hirta L. were conducted for finding identical traits. The fresh hand sections were stained with safranin and examined under light microscope. Cross section of the stem has a circular shape where epidermis was uniseriate and isodiametric. Cortex was distinctly formed with about 5-6 rows composed of chlorenchyma and found laticifers. Tracheary elements were resembled by vessels and trachieds. In most cases, some pith cells were filled laticifers at young stage and it has a distinct gap or central cavity at maturation stage. In leaf, the epidermis was uniseriate, regular, thin walled, usually similar in diameters and covered with thin cuticle layer. Multicellular uniseriate or gland-like trichomes occur in rugose hairs at epidermis. Mesophyll was differentiated into palisade and spongy layers, was composed of parenchyma cells. The palisade layer assembled with 2 rows of cells. The spongy layer thickness was different around the midrib region, compared with other parts, has 2-6 rows of cells. Laticifers were present at the middle part of the mesophyll. Xylem elements in midrib initiated perfectly and composed of many straight rows of mainly vessels where the phloem elements were abundant and occupied a good part of the vascular bundle as a semicircle shape. The stem and leaf anatomy of this species studied here showed laticifers in cortex zone and pith cells, and middle part of the mesophyll, respectively, was a taxonomic trait for this species.
Abstract: The stem and leaf anatomical studies of Euphorbia hirta L. were conducted for finding identical traits. The fresh hand sections were stained with safranin and examined under light microscope. Cross section of the stem has a circular shape where epidermis was uniseriate and isodiametric. Cortex was distinctly formed with about 5-6 rows composed of c...
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Genotypes by Environment Interaction of Faba Bean (Viciafaba L.) Grain Yield in the Highland of Bale Zone, Southeastern Ethiopia
Tadele Tadesse,
Behailu Mulugeta,
Gashaw Sefera,
Amanuel Tekalign
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2017
Pages:
13-17
Received:
6 October 2016
Accepted:
19 October 2016
Published:
23 November 2016
Abstract: Faba bean (Viciafaba L.) is widely cultivated in Ethiopia next to China. Faba bean (Viciafaba L.) is a partially Allogamous grain legumes grown for its high protein content in seed. The edible protein in the seed is used for human and animal consumption. The crop contributes to soil fertility through biological N-fixation. Though it is grows in many part of the country, the national average yield is very low due to multiple factors such as limited availability of stable high yielding and disease resistant cultivar. To this end, an experiment was conducted at Sinana, Agarfa, Adaba and Sinja for two years (2013-2014) to investigate the genotype x environment interaction and identify stable high yielding genotypes. Fifteen genotypes including the improved and local checks were grown in RCBD. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) analysis was used to estimate genotype x environment interaction and found to be significant (P<0.01). The principal components (IPCA1) and (IPCA 2) explained 52.8% and 47.2% of the interaction, respectively. Mean grain yield of genotypes ranged from 2.6t/ha to 4.2t/ha with grand mean of 3.3t/ha. Most of the genotypes were highly responsive to the testing environment and adapted to more favorable environments. Genotype EH03014-1 and EKLS01013-1 gave higher grain yield than the checks, showed linear regression coefficient close to unity and deviation from regression close to zero. This implied that the two candidate genotypes showed stable performance across locations. Furthermore, EH03014-1 and EKLS01013-1 are resistant to major disease and showed20.41% and 14.58% grain yield advantage over the standard check, respectively. Based on their performance across locations, stability parameters, and their yield advantage over the checks, these two genotypes were selected as candidate varieties for verification in the coming bona 2016/17 cropping season.
Abstract: Faba bean (Viciafaba L.) is widely cultivated in Ethiopia next to China. Faba bean (Viciafaba L.) is a partially Allogamous grain legumes grown for its high protein content in seed. The edible protein in the seed is used for human and animal consumption. The crop contributes to soil fertility through biological N-fixation. Though it is grows in man...
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Interaction of Field Pea Genotypes with Environment for Grain Yield in the Highland of Bale Zone, Southeastern Ethiopia
Tadele Tadesse,
Gashaw Sefera,
Behailu Mulugeta,
Amanuel Tekalign
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2017
Pages:
18-22
Received:
6 October 2016
Accepted:
19 October 2016
Published:
23 November 2016
Abstract: Identification of adaptable, stable and high yielding genotypes under varying environmental conditions prior to release as a cultivar is the first and foremost steps for plant breeding. Accordingly, twelve field pea genotypes were evaluated against two standard checks and one local check in the highlands of Bale zone to estimate their grain yield performance and stability across locations. The experiment was arranged in RCBD and replicated three times. Additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model was used to measure the performance of genotypes and their interaction with environment. Mean grain yield of the genotypes ranged from 2.63 t/ha to 4.2t/ha. The IPCA1 and IPCA2 scores were explained 52.7%and 47.8%, of the interaction, respectively. Based on the stability analysis and mean grain yield across locations, genotypes EH02081-8 and EH03014-1 were selected and verified in 2016/17 cropping season for possible release.
Abstract: Identification of adaptable, stable and high yielding genotypes under varying environmental conditions prior to release as a cultivar is the first and foremost steps for plant breeding. Accordingly, twelve field pea genotypes were evaluated against two standard checks and one local check in the highlands of Bale zone to estimate their grain yield p...
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Survey of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L) Ascochyta Blight (Ascochyta rabiei Pass.) Disease Status in Production Regions of Ethiopia
Megersa Tadesse,
Losenge Turoop,
Chris O. Ojiewo
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 1, January 2017
Pages:
23-30
Received:
27 April 2016
Accepted:
13 October 2016
Published:
2 December 2016
Abstract: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important pulse crops in Ethiopia. Earlier reports and field observations have shown that Ascochyta blight caused by Ascochyta rabiei is one of the most devastating diseases of this crop in Ethiopia. Survey was conducted during August 2015 to February 2016 to determine the status of the blight disease in major chickpea the growing area of Ethiopia. A total of 251 on-station and on-farm fields were surveyed. Ascochyta blight was observed in 30 of the 251 fields and incidence ranged from 0 to 45.6 % with mean of < 10%. The highest mean incidence was observed in Ensaro district of Amhara region (46.6%) followed by Lume district of Oromia region (15%). The severity varied from 1 to 7 with mean severity of 1 to 3.2 which was observed in few fields. The low incidence and severity of the disease observed in the 2015/2016 season was associated with the drought conditions occasioned by El nino conditions.
Abstract: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the most important pulse crops in Ethiopia. Earlier reports and field observations have shown that Ascochyta blight caused by Ascochyta rabiei is one of the most devastating diseases of this crop in Ethiopia. Survey was conducted during August 2015 to February 2016 to determine the status of the blight diseas...
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